Interleukin (IL)-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine required for both effector lymphocyte proliferation/differentiation and regulatory T-cell expansion/survival. It is the most highly investigated IL with a diverse role in the regulation of the immune system. Creative Biolabs has organized a staff of outstanding scientists who are proficient in providing high-quality drug development solutions for autoimmune diseases. We provide comprehensive services and scientific support to help global customers to develop monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting IL-2 for autoimmune diseases.
First discovered in 1976, IL-2 (also named T-cell growth factor) was characterized as a soluble factor with the unique ability to promote clonal expansion of T-cells in vitro. IL-2 is a 15.5 kDa four-bundle, α-helical protein member of the common cytokine receptor γ-chain family of cytokines. IL-2 is predominantly produced by activated CD4+ T-cells and, to a lesser extent by activated CD8+ T-cells, activated dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, as well as B-cells. IL-2 exerts its pleiotropic biological activities in autocrine or paracrine fashion by binding to three different high-affinity receptor subunits on targe T-cell membranes, including IL-2Rα (CD25), IL-2Rβ (CD122), and IL-2Rγc (CD132). The heterotrimeric association of the IL-2Rα chain with IL-2Rβ and IL-2Rγc provides a high-affinity receptor for IL-232. L-2 is essential for the differentiation, expansion, and survival of regulatory T cells (Tregs). High amounts of IL-2 are required for the expansion of cytotoxic lymphocytes in vivo whereas Tregs require low doses of IL-2. Tregs represent one potential bottleneck for cancer immunotherapy because they suppress the expansion and function of cytotoxic lymphocytes. A variety of modified IL-2 and anti-IL-2 antibodies has been developed to overcome individual unfavorable effects in several autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Fig.1 Selective stimulation of T-cell subsets with different IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb immune complexes. (Boyman, 2006)
Cytokines with anti-cytokine mAb complexes have been found that they can prolong the half-life of the cytokine in serum. Prolonging cytokine half-life with mAbs applied to several cytokines, including IL-2. Therefore, the administration of IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb complexes has been proved beneficial for tumor immunotherapy. Alternatively, complexes of IL-2 with other anti-IL-2 antibodies can selectively stimulate Tregs and could, therefore, be potentially used for treating autoimmune diseases.
It has been found that the combination of recombinant IL-2 with certain anti-IL-2 mAb S4B6 leads to massive proliferation of memory CD8+ T-cells and also NK cells in vivo.
In contrast to the stimulatory mAbs, the inhibitory anti-IL-2 mAbs JES6-1 combined with recombinant IL-2 did not stimulate memory CD8+ T-cells and NK cells but instead led to a three- to fourfold expansion of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs.
Experienced in antibody discovery and with a dedicated commitment to the scientific community, Creative Biolabs has perfected technical pipelines in the development of diverse antibodies. Our seasoned scientists have established cutting-edge antigen-specific B lymphocytes sorting platform, hybridoma platform, and phage display platform for antibody development. Creative Biolabs is fully competent and dedicated to serving as your one-stop shop for anti-IL-2 antibody development.
Creative Biolabs is dedicated to offering high-quality custom anti-IL-2 antibody development services to meet our clients' R&D timeline and budget. Please feel free to contact us for a quote and further discussion with our scientists.
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